The effect of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on DNA methylation and relation to genomic stability
 

 

Abstract---Ionizing radiation is one of the toxic and carcinogenic factors that potentially have direct and indirect long-term effects that are depending on the number of doses and periods of exposure to radiation. These risks can appear in the form of changes in gene expression due to the influence of epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation. Exposure of DNA methylation to ionizing radiation for long periods of time can lead to genetic instability, which can be passed down through generations. In this review will. The aim of this study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of.

 

Keywords---ionizing radiation, DNA methylation, genomic stability.

 

 

 

Introduction

 

Ionizing radiation (IR) now occupies wide range of industrial and medical applications in different areas of life despite the wide knowledge of its potential genetic cytotoxicity and its ability to induce genomic instability by targeting epigenetic marks, especially in DNA methylation .  Where the biological effects of IR can be sub-categorized into direct and indirect influences the direct impact of IR on living cells may lead to disruption of the atomic structures of the cells’ mitochondria causing chemical and biological change that ultimately leads to the early aging and death of the cell

 

While the indirect effect of IR exposure has the potential to influence genetic structures, particularly DNA . The phenomenon caused by the indirect effect of radiation (oxidizing changes of the living cell exposed to IR) may continue to appear for a period of time that may take several days or months due to reactive

 

 

oxygen species generation (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This also happened in the progenitor of the radioactive cells through the mechanisms of communication between cells these also suffer from disorders of the biological mechanism of the living cells, such changes are ultimately. supported by the occurrence of genetic mutations and neoplastic transformation if exposed to IR again

 

 

Focusing on the negative effects of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, it was found that these effects are not isolated from cells exposed to ionizing radiation and that this may lead to genome instability in the germ line, and is also associated with transgenerational genetic instability .  Although the impact of IRs on genetic material  is  well-established  by  several  studies,  however,  what  is not yet clearly uncovered is their impact on the epigenome. There is very little scientific understanding of the role of IR in inducing epigenetic changes and the mechanisms associated with it were poorly known ignored  for  a  long  period  of time. Of important such IR-induced epigenetic aberrations could be the primary precancerous events that occur several years earlier in the period before the emergence and development of the tumor. Therefore, it was necessary to shed